Friday, January 31, 2020

Literature Review Rough Draft Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Literature Review Rough Draft - Research Paper Example Cho et al. (2009) measured staffing with the help of two indicators; the first being the number of patients attended by a nurse counted at unit level, and the second being nurses’ perceptions of the adequacy of staffing. Cho et al. (2009) measured the quality of care and dissatisfaction with job using a burnout and a four-point scale gauged with the help of the Maslach Burnout Inventory, and determined the relationships between the three variables using the multilevel logistic regression models. Their research led them to the conclusion that nurse staffing is related to the care quality as well as job outcomes in the intensive care units of Korean hospitals. This conclusion was drawn on the basis of these findings; 20 per cent of the nurses perceived that the number of nurses needed to provide quality care was sufficient, whereas 33.33 per cent of the nurses were dissatisfied, 50 per cent were extremely burnt out with 25 per cent nurses contemplating to leave the hospital in t he following year. The optimal number of patients per nurse for high quality care as determined by the nurses was two or fewer. Kiekkas et al. (2008) explored variations in mortality of intensive care unit (ICU) patients based on the ratio between the total demands of patient care and staffing of nurses. Unlike Cho et al. (2009), whose design of research was cross-sectional along with a survey spanning August to October 2007, Kiekkas et al. (2008) conducted an observational and prospective study. Another major difference between the research of Cho et al. (2009) and Kiekkas et al. (2008) is that while the former included 1365 nurses in the survey who belonged to 65 units of intensive care in 22 different Korean hospitals to study the relationship between the staffing of nurses and the quality of nursing care related to nurses and job outcomes, the latter enrolled patients who were consecutively admitted in a Greek hospital’s medical

Thursday, January 23, 2020

The Role of Women in Society :: Sociology History Females Gender Essays

The Role of Women in Society   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The role women play in today’s society is a drastic change from the previous role. Women used to be confined to the superiority of the man. Physically, mentally, and emotionally abused, belittled, embarrassed, and silenced. These are just a few examples of the emotion from the isolated treatment of the past. A woman’s role in today’s society is more valued than ever before.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Women have always been essential to society. Fifty to seventy years ago, a woman was no more than a house wife, caregiver, and at their husbands beck and call. Women had no personal opinion, no voice, and no freedom. They were suppressed by the sociable beliefs of man. A woman’s respectable place was always behind the masculine frame of a man. In the past a woman’s inferiority was not voluntary but instilled by elder women, and/or force. Many, would like to know why? Why was a woman such a threat to a man? Was it just about man’s ability to control, and overpower a woman, or was there a serious threat? Well, everyone has there own opinion about the cause of the past oppression of woman, it is currently still a popular argument today.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Thanks to our strong, motivated, committed, dedicated, and determined women: who fought for the valued rights of woman everywhere. Without all the feminist, and woman activist women would probably still be oppress. Thank you to women like Eleanor Smeal, Bonnie Briggs, Maya Angleou, and Ms. Bensedrine, and Sadie Alexander (founder of DST).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Women today have excelled to unreachable heights. Today women are out in the workforce, the professional world, the military, and there are those that are still at home, but by choose. A woman’s value has skyrocketed over these past decades. A woman today can do anything a man can and more.

Wednesday, January 15, 2020

Media Aesthetics Notes

————————————————- September 19th ————————————————- Film Form; Film & Critical Analysis – Chapter 11 * Step 1: Develop a thesis * What is interesting, disturbing or noteworthy? * Does that aspect illustrate a concept from lecture w clarity? Is it a good example of something we talked about in class? * Did it have a unique effect on you? * Step 2: Segment the film * What features stuck out the most (given that weeks class topic)? * How are those features related to the film as a whole?Pay attention to details and how they affect the film * Step 3: Identify the outstanding instances of technique * Understand the techniques/concepts * Note specific examples of techniques * Types of lighting, angle, shots, narrative, style, etc. ————à ¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- September 26th ————————————————- Styles of Film * Two major directions – realistic and formalistic * Directions or â€Å"types† are defines by form, not content Three Styles of Film/Media: * Realistic (focused on content, portraying as real life) * Classicism (in-between) Formalism (manipulation, taking out of reality) Realism: * Reproduce reality with minimum distortion-objective mirror * Major concern is with content, rather than form * Subject matter is supreme * Documentary film * Imagine as we’re watching it as we would see it through our own eyes * Ex: Big Brother – raw, unscripted, stagnant cameras, not playing w manipulation * Would never see something like a birds eye view of crowds of people, because we would never see that in real life. If we were watching a conversation happening it would be from one angle Formalism: Deliberately stylized and distort images (special effects, explosions, zooming in/out, narrative structure: in real life happens in temporal order as it would happen to us, in these movies jumps around in time) * Wants no one to mistake manipulated image for real thing (not pretending that this is reality, want to show the manipulation) * Concerned with form rather than content * Referred to as expressionist (self-expression, trying to create connections between stories/events that if watched over & over it has deeper meaning) * Avant-garde cinema Classical: What most fictional films/shows are classified as (we would never live like this but its fun to watch, drama, comedy, group of characters that the similarities can relate to your life but also an element that the story is manipulated that wouldn’t be reality) * Films are strong in story, star (someone we identify), and production values (summ er block busters, high financial investment in production because high financial return) * Clearly defined plot, conflict, rising climax, and resolution/closure * Avoids extremes of realism and formalism (wouldn’t see camera work that seems natural, but wouldn’t have random objects on the screen) (realistic enough but also fantasy) ————————————————- Narrative as a Formal System – Chapter 3 I. Principles of Narrative Construction: * Plot & Story * Cause-Effect * Time * Space * Patterns of development II. Flow of Story Information: Narration * Range of Story Information * Depth of Story Information * Narrator Narrative Form Most common in fictional media, but can be nonfictional too (ex: Bachelor – what’s going to happen next week suspense) * Identify because stories are all around us * What is narrative? Narrative is a chain of events link ed by cause and effect and occurring in time (how is this constructed†¦chronological? Jumping from times? ) and space (location, extras in background, cars, etc) Components of Narrative Form * Plots and Stories * Story is the subject matter or raw material of a narrative * A set of all events * Plot orders the events and actions of the story according to temporal and spatial patterns * Plots can vary – jump around or chronological, can focus on one person at a time or a group – in the end still has same story line * Cause and Effect Characters create causes and effects by making certain things happen and reacting to events * Qualities of the character influence cause-effect relationships * Physical characteristics, traits, personality * Action/Reaction * Can be a natural disaster, etc * Time * Construct story time based on order the plot presents them * We don’t need mundane elements (shower, sleep) to make sense of a story * Temporal order is the order whi ch events occur (are they happening in chronological, or flashbacks, or jumping) * Temporal duration is the length and which events span (is there a moment they pay more time to? What is the significance of that scene) * Temporal frequency is how often events within a story are revisited * Space Events occur in clearly defined locations where the action takes place * Associate other elements based on locations * Tells us information that isn’t stated * Opening, closing, patterns of development * Classic paradigm most popular in media * Set of conventions are present in classical narrative structure * Characters are goal oriented * Three-act structure model * Set up, Confrontation, Resolution ————————————————- October 3rd ————————————————- Mise-en-Scene Mis e-en-Scene: the arrangement of all the visual elements of a theatrical production within a given playing area – the stage.Derived from a French theatrical term meaning â€Å"between the scenes† * The Frame * Composition & Design * Territorial Space * Proxemic Patterns The Frame * Each movie image is enclosed in a frame * Filmmaker doesn’t fit a frame to the subject, but the subject matter to the frame * Dimensions of a frame are known as the aspect ratio Frame: Top – suggest ideas of power, controls all visual elements (usually someone scary, or authoritative) Center – reserved for area of interest, realism (expectation that through real eyes we expect something to be there) Bottom – powerlessness Left/Right Edges – suggest insignificance, unnoticed Off the Frame – fearful, importanceComposition & Design * The visual balance in the composition of the film * Want to maintain equilibrium between elements because it is easy to fol low * Depending on the type of film, a bad composition may be effective * The human eye attempts to organize elements in composition Dominant Contrast * The area of an image that immediately attracts out attention because of contrast * Stand out in some kind of isolation Subsidiary Contrast * After we take in dominant we scan for counterbalancing devices – Lines & Diagonals – Exaggerate Movement – Light & Dark, Shadow – Colour – Framing Territorial Space 1. Full Front a. Facing the camera b. Most intimate c.Viewer feels involved 2. Quarter Turn d. Favorite position for filmmakers e. Less emotional, but high intimacy still 3. Profile Position f. Character is less aware of being observed 4. Three Quarter Turn g. Even more isolated than profile shot h. Unfriendly or anti-social 5. Back Shot i. Suggests alienation from world j. Mystery, audience wants to see more * Setting can have symbolic meaning * Sunny exterior, inside, public/private * Consider Co ntextual use – setting * Consider way one setting is used to create different effects Proxemic Patters * The relationship of objects within a given space * Many factors determine space * Light, climate, noise level Patterns are similar to the way people obey certain special rules in social situations * The more distance between the camera and with subject, the more emotionally neutral we remain * â€Å"Long shot for comedy, close up for tragedy† – Chaplin * Space is seen through 4 patterns * Intimate: extreme close * Personal: medium * Social: full range * Public: long and extreme long ————————————————- October 17th ————————————————- Editing Classical Cutting * French were the first to use cutting to continuity to create â€Å"arranged scene s† * Editing for emotion and drama, rather than for purely physical reasons * Presents a series of psychologically connected shots * Film: A Trip to the Moon by Georges Melies Concepts in Classical Cutting Content Curve – where a cut should be made; point at which audience has been able to assimilate shot’s information (audience wont be bored because scene is too long ex: Jaws – one frame too long risks boredom, one too shot risk audience being able to make sence) * Parallel Editing – switching of shots of one scene with another at a different location to convey idea of simultaneous time Continuity Editing * Also called â€Å"invisible editing,† a system devised to minimize the audiences awareness of shot transitions, especially cuts, in order to improve the flow of the story to avoid interrupting the viewers immersion in it * Continuity and Space: editors follow a standard shot patter to maintain spatial continuity * Establish shot, moves to a series of individual shots, back to establishing shot * Film: American Beauty Shot/Reverse Shot: shot of one character is followed by shot of another taken from the reverse angle – as they have a convo we always see the back shoulder of the other person talking across the table so we always know how close they are * 180 Degree Rule: once camera starts filming on one side of action, it must continue filming on same side for the rest of the scene * Eyeline Matches: using characters line of vision as motivation for a cut, matching another characters * Continuity and Time * Match on Action: Different views of the same action pieced together to look continuous (someone jumping building to building – we see them take off & land) * Jump Cut: abrupt shift in time and place of an action which s not announced by a transition CLIP: Breathless – driving in car only shows clips of driving while they're talking=cuts out blank space * Continuity Error: any unintentional dis crepancy from shot to shot (seeing a boom in the corner) * Change in location, posture, hair, costume, etc. Soviet Montage and Formalist Tradition * 1920’s Soviet filmmakers developed editing style around the theory that editing should exploit the differences between shots to create meaning * Film was seen as a political tool * Soviet montage, also called collision montage – rhythmic, intellectual (The Godfather baptism scene – baptism + murder + he knows the killings are happening so this becomes a 3rd meaning) Realism Photography, TV, and cinema produce realistic images automatically * Viewed classical cutting and montage to be distorting, corrupting * After WW2 neorealism emerged which deemphasized editing * Film: Stranger than Paradise – shows boy on phone, doesn’t give us other side of conversation we only know what he says – shots hardly move to accommodate characters we see what can fit into the frame – doesn’t cut out u seless times, shows everyone doing every action – goes black in between scenes) ————————————————- November 14th – Film Genre Understanding Genre * Genres are various types of films that audiences and filmmakers recognize by their familiar narrative, stylistic, and thematic conventions * Various conventions I. Narrative Elements – Most important criteria for defining a genre – Character types – Plot events Thematic recurrence – general meanings from plot that surface again and again II. Visual, sound, objects & setting * Lighting tends to be similar in films w same genre * Sound draws attention to possibilities that neither the characters nor the audience can see * Objects/setting serve as recurring symbolic images that carry meaning from film to film III. Predictability and Variation * Genres meet audience expectations * However, a film without surprises become cliche * Sub genres begin to form – smaller clusters of films within a genre * Many films incorporate characteristics of multiple genres, creating a hybrid * No genre can be defined in a single way *

Tuesday, January 7, 2020

Funny Happy Gilmore Movie Quotes

If you enjoy funny movies, you will find Happy Gilmore, starring Adam Sandler, worth your time (and money). Whats more, the comical quotes in the movie are great even for repeat viewing. The humor is sarcastic and you cant help laughing at Happy Gilmores wisecracks. The movie is a sports comedy about an unsuccessful ice hockey player with anger issues who takes up golf to win money to save his grandmothers house from repossession. His unorthodox hockey-type slapshot swing and colorful personality are good for golf ratings but earn him enemies. If you enjoy one-liners, this movie offers them aplenty. Here are some Happy Gilmore movie quotes that present the best of Adam Sandlers dialogues. Happy Gilmore Quotes Im stupid. Youre smart. I was wrong. You were right. Youre the best. Im the worst. Youre very good looking. Im not very attractive. My name is Happy Gilmore. Ever since I was old enough to skate, I loved hockey. Wasnt really the greatest skater though... But that didnt stop my dad from teaching me the secret of smacking his greatest slap shot. During high school, I played junior hockey and still hold two league records: most time spent in the penalty box; and I was the only guy to ever take off his skate and try to stab somebody. I didnt break it, I was merely testing its durability, and I placed it in the woods cause its made of wood and I thought he should be with his family. Did that go in? I wasnt watching†¦ did it go in? I didnt see it. Could you tell me if it went in? I got into this tournament for one reason: money. And now I have a new reason: kicking your ass! Golf requires goofy pants and a fat ass. You should talk to my neighbor the accountant, huge ass. Yeah, it IS about time! I mean I just couldnt get the ball in the hole! I wanted to but I just couldnt do it! Thats my puck baby! Dont you ever touch my puck! He shoots, he scores! Funny Dialogues from Happy Gilmore Shooter McGavin: I eat pieces of shit like you for breakfast!Happy Gilmore: You eat pieces of shit for breakfast? Endless Love Virginia: I thought we were just going to be friends.Happy Gilmore: What? Friends listen to Endless Love in the dark. Finger-Paintings Terry: All you ever talk about is becoming a pro hockey player, but theres a problem: youre not any good.Happy Gilmore: I am good. You know what†¦ youre a lousy kindergarten teacher. Ive seen those finger-paintings you bring home and they SUCK. Bob Barker Happy Gilmore: Id love to punch that guy in the face right now. But I cant, you know, because Id get in trouble. I bet you get a lot of that on Lets Make A Deal.​Bob Barker: Its The Price Is Right, Happy.​Happy Gilmore: [grimaces in embarrassment] Oh, yeah. Sorry.​Bob Barker: It happens. Lets play some golf.